AS ISO 6015:2021 Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavators and backhoe loaders — Methods of determining tool forces. 4 Measurement methods 4.1 Test site and general The test site shall consist of a level, hard surface, with anchor points and space for using the measuring devices specified in 4.2.1 to 4.2.3. For measurements made below the ground plane, a space below that plane is required for acceptance of the machine tool and the measurement devices, the anchorage and any auxiliary equipment. All measurements shall be accurate to within ± 2 % or shall accord with an International Standard relative to test equipment accuracy. In the preferred method, the force to be measured is applied directly to the force measuring device (4.2.1). If the force is applied via a pulley, its friction should be taken into account. The wire rope (4.2.4) should be as short as possible to minimize the affect on accuracy. 4.2 Test apparatus 4.2.1 Force measuring device, of accuracy according to ISO 9248. 4.2.2 Hydraulic oil pressure measuring device, of accuracy according to ISO 9248. 4.2.3 Instrument(s) for measuring linear dimensions, of accuracy according to ISO 9248. 4.2.4 Wire ropes and shackles, pulley, safety chains and adjustable supporting frames. 4.3 Preparation for testing The machine shall be equipped according to ISO 6016. The machine shall be fitted with the bucket, grab or clamshell and appropriate counterweights, and shall have the tyre pressure, and tyre ballast or track tension as specified by the manufacturer. The hoe, shovel, grab or clamshell equipment for each test shall be as specified by the manufacturer. 4.4 Requirement during testing The tests shall be conducted with the machine running in accordance with the rnanufacturer”s operating instructions and observing all safety rules. Tie-down and blocking devices (4.2.4) shall be applied to the machine to limit slippage and tipping. Safety chains shall be loose so that the machine can attain the tipping condition and yet be prevented from overturning. Components may be mounted on a test bed simulating a complete machine. The required cylinder(s) shall be operated independently and the force at the bucket lip or attachment recorded with the engine running at the manufacturer’s rated speed. A series of preliminary tests shall he conducted with the equipment boom arm and bucket at different angles in relation to each other (i.e. by varying the cylinder stroke), in order to obtain the optimum position giving the maximum force....
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